As we age, our bodies process medications differently. Changes in kidney function, liver metabolism, and the increased likelihood of taking multiple prescriptions can all affect how drugs work. While many medications are safe and effective when used as directed, some have been linked to an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, or other cardiovascular problems—particularly in older adults or those with existing heart disease.
It’s important to remember that never stop taking a prescribed medication without consulting your healthcare provider. The benefits of a medicine often outweigh its risks, and any concerns should be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist.
1. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Common examples:
- Ibuprofen
- Diclofenac
- Naproxen (risk may vary)
- High-dose prescription NSAIDs
NSAIDs are widely used to relieve pain and inflammation. However, regular or high-dose use may:
- Raise blood pressure
- Cause fluid retention
- Increase the risk of heart attack and stroke
- Worsen heart failure
People with existing cardiovascular disease should use these medicines only under medical guidance.
2. Some Decongestants
Common ingredients include:
- Pseudoephedrine
- Phenylephrine
These medications temporarily shrink blood vessels to relieve nasal congestion. Unfortunately, they can also:
- Increase blood pressure
- Speed up heart rate
- Trigger irregular heart rhythms in susceptible individuals
Older adults with hypertension or heart disease should check with a healthcare professional before using these products.
3. Long-Term Corticosteroids
Examples include:
- Prednisone
- Dexamethasone
- Methylprednisolone
Steroids are highly effective for treating many inflammatory conditions, but prolonged use may:
- Increase blood pressure
- Raise blood sugar levels
- Promote weight gain
- Increase cardiovascular risk over time
Doctors usually prescribe the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration.
4. Certain Hormone Therapies
Some forms of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), especially oral oestrogen-containing treatments, may increase the risk of blood clots and stroke in some individuals, depending on age, health history, and the type of therapy used.
The risks and benefits should always be discussed with a healthcare provider before starting or continuing treatment.
5. Some Stimulant Medications
Certain medications prescribed for attention disorders or other conditions can:
- Raise blood pressure
- Increase heart rate
- Place additional strain on the cardiovascular system
Although many people take these medicines safely, older adults with heart disease may require closer monitoring.
Warning Signs That Need Immediate Medical Attention
Seek emergency medical care immediately if you experience:
- Chest pain or pressure
- Sudden shortness of breath
- Weakness on one side of the body
- Difficulty speaking
- Sudden vision changes
- Severe dizziness or fainting
These could be signs of a heart attack or stroke.
How to Reduce Your Risk
To help protect your heart:
- Review all medications with your healthcare provider at least once a year.
- Inform your doctor about every prescription, over-the-counter medicine, and supplement you take.
- Take medications exactly as prescribed.
- Monitor your blood pressure regularly if advised.
- Maintain a heart-healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and smoking cessation if applicable.
The Bottom Line
Some medications—including certain pain relievers, decongestants, long-term corticosteroids, hormone therapies, and stimulant medications—may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke in some older adults. However, the risk depends on the individual, the dose, the duration of treatment, and underlying health conditions.
The safest approach is not to stop medications on your own, but to discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider. A regular medication review can help ensure you’re receiving the greatest benefit with the lowest possible risk.